Todays ‘World of Work’ has undergone radical changes. The emergence of new technologies, global markets for products and services, and international competition require economies to upgrade and enhance the skill level of their human resources. Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) systems all over the world are constantly challenged by this question that how to respond the demand of a knowledge-based economy. As TVET systems and their training programs directly relate to the world of work in terms of quantity and quality output, the approach of TVET programs need to focus on the acquisition of technical and non-technical skills, also referred to employability skills.

This course provides guidelines and recommendations for planning, design, construction and structural rehabilitation and repair of the civil elements of tunnel Engineering Practices. Underground construction is involved in mega projects from hydropower to infrastructure projects. Understanding Tunnel engineering and Practices is different compared to any other structure as all the input parameters are highly uncertain.